Dr Steve Greenwald

Steve Greenwald

Research

Interests

Steve Greenwald is professor of cardiovascular mechanics in the Blizard Institute at Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry. His first degree in Chemistry (Hertford College, Oxford) was followed by a PhD in Medicine at Guy’s Hospital Medical School. His research interests include the relationship between structure and function in elastic tissues, mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and the development of non-invasive methods for measuring cardiovascular performance. When not working he spends his time dabbling in DIY, transport and industrial history, food, wine and, more wholesomely, in cycling and skiing.

Publications

Publications of specific relevance to Tendon Research

2023

Ri J, Pang N, Bai S, Xu J, Xu L, Ri S, Yao Y and Greenwald SE (2023). Three-dimensional numerical analysis of wall stress induced by asymmetric oscillation of microbubble trains inside micro-vessels.   vol. 35, (1) 10.1063/5.0134922

2022

Sun Y, Li XG, Xu K, Hou J, You HR, Zhang RR, Qi M, Zhang LB, Xu LS, Greenwald SE and Yang BQ (2022). Relationship between epicardial fat volume on cardiac CT and atherosclerosis severity in three-vessel coronary artery disease: a single-center cross-sectional study.   vol. 22, (1) 10.1186/s12872-022-02527-7
Xu L, Zhou S, Wang L, Yao Y, Hao L, Qi L, Han H, Mukkamala R and Greenwald SE (2022). Improving the accuracy and robustness of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurement using a simplified tube-load model.   vol. 12, (1) 10.1038/s41598-022-09256-z
Hu S, Greenwald S, Dwyer V, Spigulis J and Guo Y (2022). Editorial: In vivo opto-physiological imaging.   vol. 10, 10.3389/fphy.2022.977624
Song A, Xu L, Wang L, Wang B, Yang X, Xu B, Yang B and Greenwald SE (2022). Automatic Coronary Artery Segmentation of CCTA Images With an Efficient Feature-Fusion-and-Rectification 3D-UNet.   vol. 26, (8) 4044-4055. 10.1109/JBHI.2022.3169425
Liu W, Du S, Zhou S, Mei T, Zhang Y, Sun G, Song S, Xu L, Yao Y and Greenwald SE (2022). Noninvasive estimation of aortic pressure waveform based on simplified Kalman filter and dual peripheral artery pressure waveforms.   vol. 219, 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106760
Yao Y, Zhou S, Alastruey J, Hao L, Greenwald SE, Zhang Y and Xu L (2022). Estimation of central pulse wave velocity from radial pulse wave analysis.   vol. 219, 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106781
Cui H, Wang Z, Yu B, Jiang F, Geng N, Li Y, Xu L, Zheng D, Zhang B, Lu P and Greenwald SE (2022). Statistical Analysis of the Consistency of HRV Analysis Using BCG or Pulse Wave Signals.   vol. 22, (6) 10.3390/s22062423
Xu B, Yang B, Xiao J, Song A, Wang B, Wang L, Xu L, Greenwald SE and Yao Y (2022). Estimation of coronary artery movement using a non-rigid registration with global-local structure preservation.   vol. 141, 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105125
Cao Y, Liu W, Zhang S, Xu L, Zhu B, Cui H, Geng N, Han H and Greenwald SE (2022). Detection and Localization of Myocardial Infarction Based on Multi-Scale ResNet and Attention Mechanism.   vol. 13, 10.3389/fphys.2022.783184
Shibib L, Al-Qaisi M, Ahmed A, Miras AD, Nott D, Pelling M, Greenwald SE and Guess N (2022). Reversal and Remission of T2DM – An Update for Practitioners.   vol. 18, 417-443. 10.2147/VHRM.S345810

2021

Ma C, Lin C, Samuel OW, Guo W, Zhang H, Greenwald S, Xu L and Li G (2021). A Bi-Directional LSTM Network for Estimating Continuous Upper Limb Movement from Surface Electromyography.   vol. 6, (4) 7217-7224. 10.1109/LRA.2021.3097272
Li X, Sun Y, Xu L, Greenwald SE, Zhang L, Zhang R, You H and Yang B (2021). Automatic quantification of epicardial adipose tissue volume.   vol. 48, (8) 4279-4290. 10.1002/mp.15012
Liu W, Li Z, Wang Y, Song D, Ji N, Xu L, Mei T, Sun Y and Greenwald SE (2021). Aortic pressure waveform reconstruction using a multi-channel Newton blind system identification algorithm.   vol. 135, 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104545
Zhang B, Li H, Xu L, Qi L, Yao Y and Greenwald SE (2021). Noncontact Heart Rate Measurement Using a Webcam, Based on Joint Blind Source Separation and a Skin Reflection Model: For a Wide Range of Imaging Conditions.   vol. 2021, 10.1155/2021/9995871
Godinho MSC, Thorpe CT, Greenwald SE and Screen H (2021). Elastase treatment of tendon specifically impacts the mechanical properties of the interfascicular matrix.     10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.030
Zheng D, Yao Y, Morrison I and Greenwald S (2021). Photoplethysmographic assessment of arterial stiffness and endothelial function.   10.1016/B978-0-12-823374-0.00007-4

2020

Zhu Z, Li J, Zhang S, Geng N, Xu L and Greenwald SE (2020). Quality evaluation of signals collected by portable ECG devices using dimensionality reduction and flexible model integration.   vol. 41, (10) 10.1088/1361-6579/abba0b
Xu L, Zhang Y, Meng L, Li S, Niu L, Greenwald SE, Zhang H and Wang L (2020). Ultrasound Assessment of the Relation between Local Hemodynamic Parameters and Plaque Morphology.     vol. 8, 145149-145158. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3014814
Li Y, Marais L, Khettab H, Quan Z, Aasmul S, Leinders R, Schüler R, Morrissey PE, Greenwald S, Segers P, Vanslembrouck M, Bruno RM, Boutouyrie P, O’Brien P, de Melis M and Baets R (2020). Silicon photonics-based laser Doppler vibrometer array for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement.   vol. 11, (7) 3913-3913. 10.1364/boe.394921
Wang H, Wang L, Sun N, Yao Y, Hao L, Xu L and Greenwald SE (2020). Quantitative Comparison of the Performance of Piezoresistive, Piezoelectric, Acceleration, and Optical Pulse Wave Sensors.   vol. 10, 10.3389/fphys.2019.01563

2019

Petkos K, Koutsoftidis S, Guiho T, Degenaar P, Jackson A, Greenwald SE, Brown P, Denison T and Drakakis EM (2019). A high-performance 8 nV/√Hz 8-channel wearable and wireless system for real-time monitoring of bioelectrical signals.   vol. 16, (1) 10.1186/s12984-019-0629-2
Qi L, Yu H, Xu L, Mpanda RS and Greenwald SE (2019). Robust heart-rate estimation from facial videos using Project_ICA.     vol. 40, (8) 10.1088/1361-6579/ab2c9f
Tommasin D, Caenen A, Verhegghe B, Greenwald S and Segers P (2019). Physics of Within-Tissue Wave Propagation Generated by Pulse Propagation in the Carotid Artery.   vol. 9, (14) 10.3390/app9142878
Mancini V, Tommasin D, Li Y, Reeves J, Baets R, Greenwald S, Segers P and CARDIS consortium (2019). Detecting carotid stenosis from skin vibrations using Laser Doppler Vibrometry - An in vitro proof-of-concept.   vol. 14, (6) e0218317-e0218317. 10.1371/journal.pone.0218317

2018

Gutiérrez-Arzapalo PY, Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Ramiro-Cortijo D, López de Pablo ÁL, López-Giménez MR, Condezo-Hoyos L, Greenwald SE, González MDC and Arribas SM (2018). Role of fetal nutrient restriction and postnatal catch-up growth on structural and mechanical alterations of rat aorta.   vol. 596, (23) 5791-5806. 10.1113/JP275030
Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Qi L, Xu L, Sun X, Chu X, Liu Y, Zhang T and Greenwald SE (2018). Evaluation of cardiorespiratory function during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in untreated hypertensive and healthy subjects.     vol. 9, (NOV) 10.3389/fphys.2018.01590
Zhang Y, Qi L, Xu L, Sun X, Liu W, Zhou S, van de Vosse F and Greenwald SE (2018). Effects of exercise modalities on central hemodynamics, arterial stiffness and cardiac function in cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.   vol. 13, (7) 10.1371/journal.pone.0200829
Senaphan K, Sangartit W, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Pannangpetch P, Thawornchinsombut S, Greenwald SE and Kukongviriyapan U (2018). Rice bran protein hydrolysates reduce arterial stiffening, vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet.   vol. 57, (1) 219-230. 10.1007/s00394-016-1311-0
Tommasin D, Li Y, Reeves J, Baets R, Greenwald S and Segers P (2018). Feasibility study of local pulse wave velocity estimation in the carotid artery with multi-beam Laser Doppler Vibrometer.     vol. 24, (C) 129-130. 10.1016/j.artres.2018.10.221
Marais L, Aasmul S, Baets R, De Melis M, Greenwald SE, Khettab H, Li Y, Prinzen F, Reesink K, Segers P and Boutouyrie P (2018). Non-contact measurement of local carotid and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity by Laser Doppler Vibrometry: Validation of a new device against reference techniques in hypertensive patients.     vol. 24, (C) 10.1016/j.artres.2018.10.104
Mancini V, Tommasin D, Li Y, Baets R, Greenwald S and Segers P (2018). Can Laser Doppler Vibrometer detect carotid stenosis from skin vibrations? Hydraulic bench tests on patient-specific model.     vol. 24, (C) 10.1016/j.artres.2018.10.043

2017

Godinho MSC, Thorpe CT, Greenwald SE and Screen HRC (2017). Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing.   vol. 7, (1) 10.1038/s41598-017-09995-4

2016

Forouhi NG, Menon RK, Sharp SJ, Mannan N, Timms PM, Martineau AR, Rickard AP, Boucher BJ, Chowdhury TA, Griffiths CJ, Greenwald SE, Griffin SJ and Hitman GA (2016). Effects of vitamin D2 or D3 supplementation on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk among people at risk of type 2 diabetes: Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.   vol. 18, (4) 392-400. 10.1111/dom.12625
Godinho MSC, Screen HRC, Greenwald SE and Thorpe CT (2016). Elastin is more abundant in energy storing tendons and is localised to the tendon interfascicular matrix.   vol. 97, (6) A3-A4.

2015

Brewin MP, Birch MJ, Mehta DJ, Reeves JW, Shaw S, Kruse C, Whiteman JR, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Banks HT and Greenwald SE (2015). Characterisation of Elastic and Acoustic Properties of an Agar-Based Tissue Mimicking Material.   vol. 43, (10) 2587-2596. 10.1007/s10439-015-1294-7
Senaphan K, Kukongviriyapan U, Sangartit W, Pakdeechote P, Pannangpetch P, Prachaney P, Greenwald SE and Kukongviriyapan V (2015). Ferulic acid alleviates changes in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet.   vol. 7, (8) 6446-6464. 10.3390/nu7085283

2014

Sangartit W, Kukongviriyapan U, Donpunha W, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Surawattanawan P and Greenwald SE (2014). Tetrahydrocurcumin Protects against Cadmium-Induced Hypertension, Raised Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Remodeling in Mice., Editors: Gupta S.     vol. 9, (12) e114908-e114908. 10.1371/journal.pone.0114908
Boonla O, Kukongviriyapan U, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Pannangpetch P, Prachaney P and Greenwald SE (2014). Curcumin improves endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in 2K-1C hypertensive rats by raising nitric oxide availability and reducing oxidative stress.   vol. 42, 44-53. 10.1016/j.niox.2014.09.001
Brewin MP, Srodon PD, Greenwald SE and Birch MJ (2014). Carotid atherosclerotic plaque characterisation by measurement of ultrasound sound speed in vitro at high frequency, 20 MHz.   vol. 54, (2) 428-441. 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.04.015
Louis-Auguste J, Greenwald S, Simuyandi M, Soko R, Banda R and Kelly P (2014). High dose multiple micronutrient supplementation improves villous morphology in environmental enteropathy without HIV enteropathy: results from a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial in Zambian adults.   vol. 14, 10.1186/1471-230X-14-15
Banks HT, Birch MJ, Brewin MP, Greenwald SE, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Kruse C, Maischak M, Shaw S and Whiteman JR (2014). High-order space-time finite element schemes for acoustic and viscodynamic wave equations with temporal decoupling.   vol. 98, (2) 131-156. 10.1002/nme.4631
Gardiner HM, Matsui H, Roughton M, Greenwald SE, Diemert A, Taylor MJO and Hecher K (2014). Cardiac function in 10-year-old twins following different fetal therapies for twin-twin transfusion syndrome.   vol. 43, (6) 652-657. 10.1002/uog.13279
Banks HT, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Kruse C, Shaw S, Whiteman J, Brewin MP, Greenwald SE and Birch MJ (2014). MODEL VALIDATION FOR A NONINVASIVE ARTERIAL STENOSIS DETECTION PROBLEM.   vol. 11, (3) 427-448. 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.427
Shcherbakova DA, Papadacci C, Swillens A, Caenen A, De Bock S, Saey V, Chiers K, Tanter M, Greenwald SE, Pernot M and Segers P (2014). Supersonic shear wave imaging to assess arterial nonlinear behavior and anisotropy: Proof of principle via ex vivo testing of the horse Aorta.   vol. 2014, 10.1155/2014/272586

2013

Hoonjan B, Dulai R, Ahmed Z, Lucey A, Twycross-Lewis R, Morrissey D and Greenwald SE (2013). Comparing the effect of moderate intensity exercise on arterial stiffness in resistance trained athletes, endurance trained athletes and sedentary controls: A cross-sectional observational study.   vol. 7, (3-4) 216-221. 10.1016/j.artres.2013.08.002
Greenwald S, Brown A, Roberts A and Clubb F (2013). Biological Assays: Cellular Level.     10.1201/b15085-17
Banks HT, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Kruse C, Shaw S, Whiteman JR, Brewin MP, Greenwald SE and Birch MJ (2013). Material parameter estimation and hypothesis testing on a 1D viscoelastic stenosis model: Methodology.     vol. 21, (1) 25-57. 10.1515/jip-2012-0081
Phababpha S, Kukongviriyapan U, Pakdeechote P, Senggunprai L, Kukongviriyapan V, Settasatian C, Tatsanavivat P, Intharaphet P, Senthong V, Komanasin N, Settasatian N and Greenwald SE (2013). Association of arterial stiffness with single nucleotide polymorphism rs1333049 and metabolic risk factors.   vol. 12, 10.1186/1475-2840-12-93
Sun Y, Hu S, Azorin-Peris V, Kalawsky R and Greenwald S (2013). Noncontact imaging photoplethysmography to effectively access pulse rate variability.     vol. 18, (6) 10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.061205
Hoonjan B, Dulai R, Ahmed Z, Lucey A, Twycross-Lewis R, Morrissey D and Greenwald SE (2013). Comparing the effect of moderate intensity exercise on arterial stiffness in resistance trained athletes, endurance trained athletes and sedentary controls: A cross-sectional observational study.   10.1016/j.artres.2013.08.002
Rachev A, Greenwald S and Shazly T (2013). Are Geometrical and Structural Variations Along the Length of the Aorta Governed by a Principle of Optimal Mechanical Operation?   vol. 135, (8) 10.1115/1.4024664
Louis-Auguste J, Greenwald S, Banda R and Kelly P (2013). MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES SMALL BOWEL HISTOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE AND ABSORPTIVE AREA IN ZAMBIAN ADULTS.   vol. 63, 1354-1354.
Greenwald SE, Banks HT, Birch MJ, Brewin MP, Hu S, Kenz ZR, Kruse C, Mehta D, Reeves J, Shaw S and Whiteman JR (2013). Acoustic localisation of coronary artery stenosis: Wave propagation in soft tissue mimicking gels.     vol. 7, (3-4) 10.1016/j.artres.2013.10.081
Shaw S, Whiteman JR, Greenwald SE, Kruse C, Banks HT, Birch MJ, Kenz ZR, Reeves J, Hu S and Brewin MP (2013). Towards computational diagnosis of coronary artery disease.     vol. 7, (3-4) 123-124. 10.1016/j.artres.2013.10.079
Greenwald SE, Brown AG, Roberts A and Clubb FJ (2013). Histology and Staining.   10.1201/b15085-18

2012

Dulai R, Perry M, Twycross-Lewis R, Morrissey D, Atzeni F and Greenwald S (2012). The effect of tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists on arterial stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis: a literature review.   vol. 42, (1) 1-8. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2012.02.002
Brewin M, Greenwald , Shaw S, Kruse C, Whiteman and Birch M (2012). CHARACTERISATION OF AGAROSE GEL AS A TISSUE MIMIC MATERIAL (TMM) FOR USE IN AN ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST OBJECT INVESTIGATING THE ACOUSTIC LOCALISATION OF CORONARY STENOSIS.     vol. 45, 10.1016/s0021-9290(12)70140-9
Shaw S, Kruse C, Whiteman , Greenwald , Brewin M and Birch M (2012). ON THE POTENTIAL OF COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE.     vol. 45, 10.1016/s0021-9290(12)70143-4
Gardiner HM, Barlas A, Matsui H, Diemart A, Taylor MJO, Preece J, Gordon F, GREENWALD SE and Hecher K (2012). Vascular programming in twins: the effects of chorionicity and fetal therapy for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. , 2012. 3: 182 - 189.     vol. 3, (3) 182-189. 10.1017/S204017441200013X
Detchaporn P, Kukongviriyapan U, Prawan A, Jetsrisuparb A, Greenwald S and Kukongviriyapan V (2012). Altered Vascular Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Antioxidant Gene Responses in Pediatric Thalassemia Patients.   10.1007/s00246-012-0225-8
Sun Y, Papin C, Azorin-Peris V, Kalawsky R, GREENWALD SE and Hu S (2012). Use of ambient light in remote photoplethysmographic systems: comparison between a high-performance camera and a low-cost webcam. - 037005-10.     vol. 17, (3) 037005-1-037005-10. 10.1117/1.JBO.17.3.037005
Sun Y, Papin C, Azorin-Peris V, Kalawsky R, Greenwald S and Hu S (2012). Use of ambient light in remote photoplethysmographic systems: comparison between a high-performance camera and a low-cost webcam.   vol. 17, (3) 10.1117/1.JBO.17.3.037005
Gardiner HM, Barlas A, Matsui H, Diemert A, Taylor MJO, Preece J, Gordon F, Greenwald SE and Hecher K (2012). Vascular programming in twins: the effects of chorionicity and fetal therapy for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.     vol. 3, (3) 182-189. 10.1017/S204017441200013X
Detchaporn P, Kukongviriyapan U, Prawan A, Jetsrisuparb A, Greenwald SE and Kukongviriyapan V (2012). Altered vascular function, arterial stiffness, and antioxidant gene responses in pediatric thalassemia patients.     vol. 33, (7) 1054-1060. 10.1007/s00246-012-0225-8
Kumar A, Ray PST, Morissey D, Twycross-Lewis R and Greenwald SE (2012). The effect of muscularity and handedness on radial arterial pulse wave velocity in healthy volunteers.     vol. 6, (4) 170-171. 10.1016/j.artres.2012.09.106
Evagora C, Hillery C, Timmins LH, Das E, Badye S, Moore JE, Martin JE and Greenwald SE (2012). Characterisation of the two-layered media in the mammalian carotid artery.     vol. 6, (4) 10.1016/j.artres.2012.09.022

2011

Hoonjan B, Dulai R, Ahmed M, Lucey A, Morrissey D, Twycross-Lewis R and Greenwald S (2011). The effect of moderate intensity exercise on arterial stiffness in resistance trained athletes, endurance trained athletes and sedentary controls: a cross-sectional observational study.   vol. 45, (15) A7-A8. 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.24
Dulai R, Ahmed M, Morrissey D, Twycross-Lewis R and Greenwald S (2011). Arterial stiffness before and after moderate intensity exercise in athletes and controls: a cross-sectional observational study.     vol. 45, (2) 10.1136/bjsm.2010.081554.23
Cohen RD, Brown CL, Nickols C, Levey P, Boucher BJ, Greenwald SE and Wang W (2011). Inbuilt mechanisms for overcoming functional problems inherent in hepatic microlobular structure.   vol. 2011, 10.1155/2011/185845
Sun Y, Hu S, Azorin-Peris V, Greenwald S, Chambers J and Zhu Y (2011). Motion-compensated noncontact imaging photoplethysmography to monitor cardiorespiratory status during exercise.   vol. 16, (7) 10.1117/1.3602852
Yu S, Hu S, Azorin-Peris V, Zheng J, Greenwald SE, Chambers J and Zhu Y (2011). Detection of physiological changes after exercise via a remote opto-physiological imaging system. 10.1117/12.872723

2010

Gardiner HM, Matsui H, Hecher K, Diemert A, Taylor M, Greenwald S, Barlas A, Preece J and Gordon F (2010). OC15.04: Vascular development and responses in twins: influence of monochorionicity, inter‐twin transfusion and fetal therapy.     vol. 36, (S1) 30-30. 10.1002/uog.7860
Timmins LH, Wu QF, Yeh AT, Moore JE and Greenwald SE (2010). Structural inhomogeneity and fiber orientation in the inner arterial media.   vol. 298, (5) H1537-H1545. 10.1152/ajpheart.00891.2009

2009

Kips J, Ayoola O, Greenwald S, Balogun W, Clayton P, Van Bortel L, Segers P and Cruickshank JK (2009). Initial Data on the Natural History of apwv in West African Infants.     vol. 3, (4) 10.1016/j.artres.2009.10.017

2007

Greenwald SE (2007). Ageing of the conduit arteries.   vol. 211, (2) 157-172. 10.1002/path.2101

2006

GREENWALD SE, Screen HRC, Shelton JA, Bader DA, Lee DA and Chhaya VH (2006). Tendon Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics.   vol. 2, 505-513.
Screen HRC, Chhaya VH, Greenwald SE, Bader DL, Lee DA and Shelton JC (2006). The influence of swelling and matrix degradation on the microstructural integrity of tendon.   vol. 2, (5) 505-513. 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.05.008
Janzen J, Leitritz M, Janzen K and Greenwald S (2006). The effect of in utero growth retardation on the structure and composition of the cardiovascular system.   vol. 19, (4) 130-142. 10.1016/j.mee.2005.10.038

2004

Greenwald SE (2004). Modelling emboli with floating fir cones.   vol. 329, (7480) 1433-1434. 10.1136/bmj.329.7480.1433
Kelly P, Menzies I, Crane R, Zulu I, Nickols C, Feakins R, Mwansa J, Mudenda V, Katubulushi M, Greenwald S and Farthing M (2004). Responses of small intestinal architecture and function over time to environmental factors in a tropical population.   vol. 70, (4) 412-419. 10.4269/ajtmh.2004.70.412

2003

Rachev A and Greenwald SE (2003). Residual strains in conduit arteries (vol 36, pg 661, 2003).   vol. 36, (11) 1751-1751. 10.1006/S0021-9290(02)00444-X
Rachev A and Greenwald SE (2003). Erratum: Residual strains in conduit arteries (Journal of Biomechanics (2003) 36 (661-670)).   vol. 36, (11) 10.1016/S0021-9290(03)00180-5
Rachev A and Greenwald SE (2003). Residual strains in conduit arteries (vol 36, pg 661, 2003).   vol. 36, (7) 1067-1067. 10.1016/S0021-9290(03)00111-8
Rachev A and Greenwald SE (2003). Residual strains in conduit arteries.   vol. 36, (5) 661-670. 10.1016/s0021-9290(02)00444-x
Gardiner HM, Taylor MJO, Karatza A, Vanderheyden T, Huber A, Greenwald SE, Fisk NM and Hecher K (2003). Twin-twin transfusion syndrome: the influence of intrauterine laser photocoagulation on arterial distensibility in childhood.   vol. 107, (14) 1906-1911. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000060543.64250.80
GREENWALD SE and Brown AG (2003). Histology and Staining.     10.1201/9780203491492-24

2002

McMahon AC, Greenwald SE, Dodd SM, Hurst MJ and Raine AEG (2002). Prolonged calcium transients and myocardial remodelling in early experimental uraemia.   vol. 17, (5) 759-764. 10.1093/ndt/17.5.759
Kelly P, Menzies I, Crane R, Zulu I, Nickols C, Feakins R, Mudenda V, Katubulushi M, Greenwald S and Farthing M (2002). Tropical enteropathy: A dynamic response to environmental influences.   vol. 50, A91-A91.
Greenwald SE (2002). Pulse pressure and arterial elasticity.   vol. 95, (2) 107-112. 10.1093/qjmed/95.2.107
Loukogeorgakis S, Dawson R, Phillips N, Martyn CN and Greenwald SE (2002). Validation of a device to measure arterial pulse wave velocity by a photoplethysmographic method.   vol. 23, (3) 581-596. 10.1088/0967-3334/23/3/309

2001

Richardson G, Moore AR, Greenwald SE, Benjamin N and Rothman MT (2001). A copper-containing polymer coating generates nitric oxide to inhibit platelet aggregation without inducing inflammation: A possible stent coating?   vol. 88, (5A) 14G-14G.
Gardiner HM, Taylor MO, Karatza A, Greenwald SE and Hecher K (2001). Fetal determinants of arterial stiffness: a monochorionic twin study.   vol. 22, 236-236.
Sheaff M, Campbell J, Millar J, Feneley M, Greenwald S and Baithun SI (2001). Is angiogenesis related to prognosis in adenocarcinoma of the prostate?   vol. 193, 46A-46A.
Bose M, Nickols C, Greenwald S, Feakins R, Perrett D and Farthing M (2001). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in colonic mucosa in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Assessment by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).   vol. 48, A57-A57.
GREENWALD SE, Hayashi K, Rachev A, Meister J-J and Stergiopulos N (2001). Techniques in the Determination of the Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Laws of Arterial Wallls.     10.1201/9781420049534.ch-06
Stergiopulos N, Vulliémoz S, Rachev A, Meister JJ and Greenwald SE (2001). Assessing the homogeneity of the elastic properties and composition of the pig aortic media.   vol. 38, (3) 237-246. 10.1159/000051052
GREENWALD SE, Meister J-J, Pannatier A, Rachev A and Stergiopulos N (2001). Assessment of mechanical inhomogeneity in the arterial wall by an artery inversion test.   vol. 1, 31-36. 10.1023/a:1011587522951

2000

Kelly P, Greenwald SE, Menzies I, Crane R, Feakins R, Zulu I, Mudenda V and Farthing MJ (2000). Differential variation in jejunal structure and function in tropical and HIV-related enteropathy.     vol. 118, (4) 10.1016/s0016-5085(00)82454-3
Greenwald SE and Berry CL (2000). Improving vascular grafts: the importance of mechanical and haemodynamic properties.   vol. 190, (3) 292-299. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(200002)190:3<292::AID-PATH528>3.0.CO;2-S

1998

Hopkins I, Greenwald S, Berry CL and Berney DM (1998). Quantitative changes in adult rat kidneys subjected to maternal protein deprivation.   vol. 186, 34A-34A.

1997

Berney DM, Desai M, Palmer DJ, Greenwald S, Brown A, Hales CN and Berry CL (1997). The effects of maternal protein deprivation on the fetal rat pancreas: Major structural changes and their recuperation.   vol. 183, (1) 109-115. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199709)183:1<109::AID-PATH1091>3.0.CO;2-B
Brodsky GV, Kagan II, Lower AM, Grudzinskas JG, Coumbe AM and Greenwald SE (1997). P-245. Morphology of the Fallopian tube in relation to significant genital tract pathology.     vol. 12, (Suppl_2) 234-234. 10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.234
Bertram CD, Gow BS and Greenwald SE (1997). Comparison of different methods for the determination of the true wave propagation coefficient, in rubber tubes and the canine thoracic aorta.   vol. 19, (3) 212-222. 10.1016/s1350-4533(96)00073-2
Greenwald SE, Moore JE, Rachev A, Kane TP and Meister JJ (1997). Experimental investigation of the distribution of residual strains in the artery wall.   vol. 119, (4) 438-444. 10.1115/1.2798291
Martyn CN and Greenwald SE (1997). Impaired synthesis of elastin in walls of aorta and large conduit arteries during early development as an initiating event in pathogenesis of systemic hypertension.   vol. 350, (9082) 953-955. 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)10508-0

1996

Badreck-Amoudi A, Patel CK, Kane TP and Greenwald SE (1996). The effect of age on residual strain in the rat aorta.   vol. 118, (4) 440-444. 10.1115/1.2796029
Martyn CN and Greenwald SE (1996). Pulse wave velocity as a marker of vascular disease.   vol. 348, (9041) 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66200-9

1995

Rachev A, Greenwald SE, Kane TPC, Moore JE and Meister JJ (1995). Analysis of the strain and stress distribution in the wall of the developing and mature rat aorta.     vol. 32, (4) 473-485. 10.3233/bir-1995-32405
Rachev A, Greenwald SE, Kane TP, Moore JE and Meister JJ (1995). Analysis of the strain and stress distribution in the wall of the developing and mature rat aorta.   vol. 32, (4) 473-485. 10.1016/0006-355X(95)00024-4
Pollock L, Rampling D, Greenwald SE and Malone M (1995). Desmin expression in rhabdomyosarcoma: influence of the desmin clone and immunohistochemical method.   vol. 48, (6) 535-538. 10.1136/jcp.48.6.535
Vulliemoz S, Stergiopulos N, Greenwald SE, Pannatier A and Meister JJ (1995). Modele a deux couches de la paroi arterielle: Proprietes elastiques et distribution des contraintes.   vol. 103, (3) 10.3109/13813459509037271
Martyn CN, Barker DJP, Jespersen S, Greenwald S, Osmond C and Berry C (1995). Growth in utero, adult blood pressure, and arterial compliance.   vol. 73, (2) 116-121. 10.1136/hrt.73.2.116
Saini A, Berry C and Greenwald S (1995). Effect of age and sex on residual stress in the aorta.   vol. 32, (6) 398-405. 10.1159/000159115
Rachev A, Greenwald SE, Kane TPC, Moore JE and Meister JJ (1995). Erratum: Analysis of the strain and stress distribution in the wall of the developing and mature rat aorta (Biorheology, Vol. 32, No.4, (1995), Page 477).   vol. 32, (5) 10.1016/0006-355X(95)90872-U
RACHEV A, GREENWALD SE, KANE TPC, MOORE JE and MEISTER JJ (1995). ANALYSIS OF THE STRAIN AND STRESS-DISTRIBUTION IN THE WALL OF THE DEVELOPING AND MATURE RAT AORTA (VOL 32, PG 477, 1995).   vol. 32, (5) 589-589.

1994

Hsiang YNM, Crespo MT, Houston GTM, To EC, Todd ME, Sobeh MS, Greenwald SE and Bower RD (1994). Selective treatment of atherosclerosis using photodynamic therapy in the Yucatan miniswine: preliminary results.   vol. 2130, 53-58. 10.1117/12.179930
Sobeh MS, Chan P, Greenwald SE, Ham RJ, Wood AJ, Cross FWM and Hsiang YNM (1994). Suppression of neointimal hyperplasia by photodynamic therapy: in vitro and in vivo results.   vol. 2130, 47-52. 10.1117/12.179929
Rachev A, Greenwald SE, Kane TPC, Moore JE, Drenska S and Meister JJ (1994). Analysis of the effect of aging on the strain and stress distribution in the arterial wall.     vol. 27, (6) 10.1016/0021-9290(94)91460-5

1993

Berry CL, Sosa‐Melgarejo JA and Greenwald SE (1993). The relationship between wall tension, lamellar thickness, and intercellular junctions in the fetal and adult aorta: Its relevance to the pathology of dissecting aneurysm.   vol. 169, (1) 15-20. 10.1002/path.1711690104

1992

Salih V, Greenwald SE, Chong CF, Coumbe A and Berry CL (1992). The development of an in-vitro perfusion system for studies on cultured cells.   vol. 73, (5) 625-632.
Bertram CD and Greenwald SE (1992). A general method of determining the frequency-dependent propagation coefficient and characteristic impedance of an artery in the presence of reflections.   vol. 114, (1) 2-9. 10.1115/1.2895445
Celermajer DS, Dodd SM, Greenwald SE, Wyse RKH and Deanfield JE (1992). Morbid anatomy in neonates with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve: Pathophysiologic and clinical implications.   vol. 19, (5) 1049-1053. 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90293-V
Crooks DA, Scholtz CL, Vowles G, Greenwald S and Evans S (1992). Axonal Injury in Closed Head Injury by Assault: A Quantitative Study.   vol. 32, (2) 109-117. 10.1177/106002809203200204

1991

Crooks DA, Scholtz CL, Vowles G, Greenwald S and Evans S (1991). The glial reaction in closed head injuries.   vol. 17, (5) 407-414. 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1991.tb00740.x

1990

Greenwald SE, Carter AC and Berry CL (1990). Effect of age on the in vitro reflection coefficient of the aortoiliac bifurcation in humans.   vol. 82, (1) 114-123. 10.1161/01.CIR.82.1.114

1989

Tippins JR, Greenwald SE, Lever MJ, MacIntyre I and Morris HR (1989). Coronary vasodilation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide in the anaesthetised pig.   vol. 13, (2) 95-102. 10.1016/0143-4179(89)90005-X
GREENWALD SE (1989). BIRD DROPPINGS.   vol. 122, (1660) 65-65.

1988

Greenwald SE, Collino CE and Berry CL (1988). In vitro determination of lung airway compliance in small animals.   vol. 26, (5) 497-502. 10.1007/BF02441917

1987

GREENWALD SE and CLARK AD (1987). MANUSCRIPT MANAGER (CBE Style) Version 1.1.     vol. 15, (3) 567-567. 10.1042/bst0150567
Berry CL and Greenwald SE (1987). The validity of negative necropsy reports from metastases in solid organs.   vol. 151, (3) 239-240. 10.1002/path.1711510312
Chilosi M, Bonetti F, Menestrina F, Lestani M, Greenwald SE and Berry CL (1987). Letters to the editor.   vol. 152, (1) 55-57. 10.1002/path.1711520108
GREENWALD SE and BERRY CL (1987). THE VALIDITY OF NEGATIVE NECROPSY REPORTS FROM METASTASES IN SOLID ORGANS.   vol. 152, (1) 57-57.

1986

Moodie TB, Barclay DW and Greenwald SE (1986). Impulse propagation in liquid filled distensible tubes: Theory and experiment for intermediate to long wavelengths.   vol. 59, (1-2) 47-58. 10.1007/BF01177059
Newman DL, Sipkema P, Greenwald SE and Westerhof N (1986). High frequency characteristics of the arterial system.   vol. 19, (10) 817-824. 10.1016/0021-9290(86)90132-6

1985

Greenwald SE, Berry CL and Ramsey RE (1985). The static elastic properties and chemical composition of the rat aorta in spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced hypertension: the effect of an anti-hypertensive drug.   vol. 66, (6) 633-642.
Greenwald SE, Newman DL and Moodie TB (1985). Impulse propagation in rubber-tube analogues of arterial stenoses and aneurysms.   vol. 23, (2) 150-154. 10.1007/BF02456752
Greenwald SE, Newman DL and Moodie TB (1985). Reflection of pressure transients in rubber tube analogues of arterial stenoses and aneurysms.
Greenwald SE, Johnson RJ and Haworth SG (1985). Pulmonary vascular input impedance in the newborn and infant pig.   vol. 19, (1) 44-50. 10.1093/cvr/19.1.44

1984

Moodie TB, Barclay DW, Greenwald SE and Newman DL (1984). Waves in fluid filled tubes: Theory and experiment.   vol. 54, (1-2) 107-119. 10.1007/BF01190600
Greenwald SE, Letts LG, Newman DL and Piper PJ (1984). Actions of cysteinyl leukotrienes in coronary, femoral and carotid vessels of the pig.   vol. 103, (1-2) 107-114. 10.1016/0014-2999(84)90195-X
Greenwald SE, Berry CL and Kay PH (1984). Modified Blalock-Taussig operation using polytetrafluoroethylene (Impra) grafts.   vol. 52, (5) 594-595. 10.1136/hrt.52.5.594

1983

Newman DL, Greenwald SE and Bryant Moodie T (1983). Reflection from elastic discontinuities.   vol. 21, (6) 697-701. 10.1007/BF02464032
Newman DL, Penney SJ and Greenwald SE (1983). Pulse propagation characteristics by an impulse technique.   vol. 21, (4) 515-517. 10.1007/BF02442643
Letts LG, Newman DL, Greenwald SE and Piper PJ (1983). Effects of intra-coronary administration of leukotriene D4 in the anaesthetized dog.   vol. 26, (4) 563-572. 10.1016/0090-6980(83)90194-6

1982

Greenwald SE, Berry CL and Haworth SG (1982). Changes in the distensibility of the intrapulmonary arteries in the normal newborn and growing pig.   vol. 16, (12) 716-726. 10.1093/cvr/16.12.716
Greenwald SE and Newman DL (1982). Impulse propagation through junctions.   vol. 20, (3) 343-350. 10.1007/BF02442802
Greenwald SE, Berry CL and Haworth SG (1982). Changes in the distensibility of the intrapulmonary arteries in the normal newborn and growing pig.   vol. 16, (12) 716-725. 10.1093/cvr/16.12.716
Greenwald SE, Newman DL and Denyer HT (1982). Effect of smooth muscle activity on the static and dynamic elastic properties of the rabbit carotid artery.   vol. 16, (2) 86-94. 10.1093/cvr/16.2.86
Newman DL and Greenwald SE (1982). The Effect of Smooth Muscle Activity on the Static and Dynamic Elastic Properties of the Rabbit Carotid Artery.     10.1007/978-1-4899-6693-3_39

1981

Berry CL, Greenwald SE and Menahem N (1981). Effect of beta-aminopropionitrile on the static elastic properties and blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats.   vol. 15, (7) 373-381. 10.1093/cvr/15.7.373
Newman DL, Greenwald SE and Denyer HT (1981). Impulse propagation in normal and stenosed vessels.   vol. 15, (4) 190-195. 10.1093/cvr/15.4.190
Greenwald SE and Berry CL (1981). THE EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS IN SCLEROPROTEIN CONTENT ON THE STATIC ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF THE ARTERIAL WALL.     10.1016/b978-0-08-026820-0.50028-7

1980

Newman DL and Greenwald SE (1980). Analysis of forward and backward pressure waves by a total-occlusion method.   vol. 18, (2) 241-245. 10.1007/BF02443301

1979

Newman DL, Greenwald SE and Bowden NLR (1979). An in vivo study of the total occlusion method for the analysis of forward and backward pressure waves.   vol. 13, (10) 595-600. 10.1093/cvr/13.10.595
Newman DL, Greenwald SE and Bowden NLR (1979). An in vivo study of the total occlusion method for the analysis of forward and backward pressure waves.   vol. 13, (10) 595-600. 10.1093/cvr/13.10.595

1978

Greenwald SE and Berry CL (1978). Static mechanical properties and chemical composition of the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats: A comparison with the effects of induced hypertension.   vol. 12, (6) 364-372. 10.1093/cvr/12.6.364
Greenwald SE and Berry CL (1978). Static mechanical properties and chemical composition of the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats: A comparison with the effects of induced hypertension.   vol. 12, (6) 364-372. 10.1093/cvr/12.6.364
Greenwald SE, Newman DL and Bowden NLR (1978). Comparison between theoretical and directly measured pulse propagation velocities in the aorta of the anaesthetised dog.   vol. 12, (7) 407-414. 10.1093/cvr/12.7.407
Newman DL and Greenwald SE (1978). Validity of the Moens-Korteweg Equation.     10.1007/978-3-642-67020-6_10

1976

Berry CL and Greenwald SE (1976). Effects of hypertension on the static mechanical properties and chemical composition of the rat aorta.   vol. 10, (4) 437-451. 10.1093/cvr/10.4.437
Berry CL and Greenwald SE (1976). Effects of hypertension on the static mechanical properties and chemical composition of the rat aorta.   vol. 10, (4) 437-451. 10.1093/cvr/10.4.437

1975

Berry CL, Greenwald SE and Rivett JF (1975). Static mechanical properties of the developing and mature rat aorta.   vol. 9, (5) 669-678. 10.1093/cvr/9.5.669
BERRY CL, GOSLING RG and GREENWALD SE (1975). GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIES, ITS RELEVANCE FOR DEGENERATIVE DISEASE.   vol. 1, (4) 365-365.

1974

Berry CL, Germain J, Newman DL and Greenwald SE (1974). Comparative morphological and functional aspects of the aorta of the major vertebrate classes.   vol. 8, (3) 279-289. 10.1258/002367774780943643

1973

Berry CL and Greenwald S (1973). Changes in structure and mechanical properties of the rat aorta induced by a hypertensive period during development.   vol. 110, (3)

Grants

Grants of specific relevance to Tendon Research
Early stage CARdio Vascular Disease Detection with Integrated Silicon Photonics
Greenwald SE
EUR3,629,206 European Commission (01-02-2015 - 31-01-2019)
Summary
Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Stenosis
Greenwald SE and Birch MJ
£368,862 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (16-05-2010 - 16-11-2013)
Summary

Non contact measurement of aortic compliance
Greenwald S
£99,172 National Institute for Health and Care Research (01-10-2009 - 30-11-2012)
Summary
A novel method for measuring blood pressure
Chowienczyk PJ, Brett SE, Shennan AH and Greenwald SE
£249,791 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (30-06-2006 - 29-09-2008)
Summary